Based on the hail data from eleven ground meteorological observation stations in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution of hail days, hail diameter, duration and disaster risk characteristics were analyzed by using statistical methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The hail days in the agricultural area of eastern Qinghai Province decreased with climate tendency rate of 11.6 d·(10 a)^-1 in the past 60 years, which passed the significance test of \alpha=0.05, and after 1995, the anomaly of the total number of hail days changed from the positive to the negative. Hualong was the area with the largest number of hail days, and the number of hail days in Jianzha was the least. (2) Hail occurred mainly from May to September each year with seasonal differences. The diurnal variation of hail was obvious, and the peak occurred at 16:00 BST in the afternoon. (3) The number of hail days was positively correlated with altitude of stations and the correlation coefficient between them was as high as 0.97.(4) In the past 60 years, the hail processes with hail diameter less than 6 mm and the duration less than 9 min accounted for 58.33% and 73.55% of the total number of hail processes, respectively. (5) Xunhua was a low-risk area for hail, Hualong, Huangzhong and Huangyuan were medium-risk areas for hail, and Ledu was a high-risk or extremely high-risk area for hail, which was basically consistent with historical hail disasters.

Based on the cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-2G satellite and hourly precipitation from July to September 2018, April to September 2019, and April to July 2020 in the eastern region of Qinghai Province, the indications of cloud top height, cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius to precipitation frequency and precipitation intensity were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The cloud optical thickness was the strongest indicator of precipitation frequency for single cloud characteristic parameter. The frequency of moderate rain and heavy rain showed an obvious increasing trend with the decrease of cloud top temperature, increase of cloud top height and cloud optical thickness, while the frequency of light rain showed a decreasing trend. (2) The double cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness and cloud top temperature) were better indicators for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter, the precipitation frequency increased with increase of cloud optical thickness and decrease of cloud top temperature. When cloud optical thickness was between 21 and 30 and cloud top temperature was greater than 0 ℃, the frequency of light rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was between -45 and -31 ℃, the frequency of moderate rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was less than -45 ℃, the frequency of heavy rain was largest. (3) The triple cloud characteristic parameters (cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius) were more indicative for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter and less indicative than double cloud characteristic parameters.